Django上傳文件最簡(jiǎn)單最官方的方法

1.配置media路徑

在settings.py中添加如下代碼：

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ’media’)

2.定義數(shù)據(jù)表

import osfrom django.db import modelsfrom django.utils.timezone import now as timezone_nowdef upload_to(instance, filename): now = timezone_now() base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) ext = ext.lower() return f’quotes/{now:%Y/%m/%Y%m%d%H%M%S}{ext}’class Quote(models.Model): class Meta:verbose_name = ’quote’verbose_name_plural = verbose_name author = models.CharField(’author’, max_length=200) quote = models.TextField(’quote’) picture = models.ImageField(’picture’, upload_to=upload_to, blank=True, null=True) def __str__(self):return self.quote

這里的upload_to函數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)把文件的名稱(chēng)修改為日期型的名稱(chēng)，不會(huì)重名。

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3.添加form表單

forms.py文件

from django import formsfrom .models import Quoteclass QuoteForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta:model = Quotefields = ’__all__’

4.編寫(xiě)視圖代碼

from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom .forms import QuoteFormdef add_quote(request): form = QuoteForm() if request.method == ’POST’:form = QuoteForm( data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect(’quote:add_quote’) else:return render(request, ’quotes/add_quote.html’, { ’form’: form})

5.編寫(xiě)模板html代碼

<form action='{% url ’quote:add_quote’ %}' method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data'> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <button type='submit'>save</button></form>

6.添加url映射

在app的目錄的urls.py添加from django.urls import pathfrom quotes.views import add_quoteapp_name = ’quote’urlpatterns = [ path(’add/’, add_quote, name=’add_quote’)]

在項(xiàng)目目錄的urls.py文件添加

from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns = [ path(’quotes/’, include(’quotes.urls’, namespace=’quote’))]

效果圖

知識(shí)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展：

最簡(jiǎn)單的文件下載功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)

將文件流放入HttpResponse對(duì)象即可，如

def file_download(request): # do something... with open(’file_name.txt’) as f: c = f.read() return HttpResponse(c)

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