我們現(xiàn)在模擬的是主從(1臺(tái)主機(jī)、一臺(tái)從機(jī))，其主從同步的原理，就是對(duì)bin-log二進(jìn)制文件的同步，將這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容從主機(jī)同步到從機(jī)。

一、配置文件的修改1、主機(jī)配置文件修改配置

我們首先需要mysql主機(jī)(192.168.254.130)的/etc/my.cnf配置文件，添加如下配置:

#主機(jī)唯一IDserver-id=1#二進(jìn)制日志log-bin=mysql-bin#不需要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)binlog-ignore-db=mysqlbinlog-ignore-db=information_schema#同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱binlog-do-db=mycat#二進(jìn)制的格式binlog_format=STATEMENT

我們看下目前整個(gè)my.cnf文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/usr/local/mysql/databasedir=/usr/local/mysqlsocket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sockuser=mysql# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0server-id=1log-bin=mysql-binbinlog-ignore-db=mysqlbinlog-ignore-db=information_schemabinlog-do-db=mycatbinlog_format=STATEMENT[mysqld_safe]log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.logpid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@localhost Desktop]#

修改主機(jī)的配置文件后，我們需要通過(guò)命令重啟下服務(wù):

[root@localhost support-files]# lsmagic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server[root@localhost support-files]# pwd/usr/local/mysql/support-files[root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server restart

然后我們修改下從機(jī)(192.168.254.131)的配置文件。

2、從機(jī)的配置

從機(jī)的配置修改比較簡(jiǎn)單：

#從機(jī)機(jī)器唯一IDserver-id=2#中繼日志relay-log=mysql-relay

同樣修改配置后，我們重啟下從機(jī)

二、mysql客戶端命令操作

下面我們可以通過(guò)命令連接到mysql的命令端：

[root@localhost bin]# [root@localhost bin]# pwd/usr/local/mysql/bin[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p1、主機(jī)操作

1）、創(chuàng)建同步用戶

首先我們可以在主機(jī)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)專門(mén)用于主從同步用戶，通過(guò)命令：

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ’SLAVE’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ’123456’;

2）、查看同步文件狀態(tài)

然后我們通過(guò)show master status;查看主機(jī)的同步內(nèi)容狀態(tài)：

mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | mycat| mysql,information_schema | |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)2、從機(jī)操作

1）、設(shè)置從機(jī)的主機(jī)

執(zhí)行如下命令，這里設(shè)置了我們與主機(jī)建立同步的相關(guān)信息

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=’192.168.254.130’,MASTER_USER=’SLAVE’,MASTER_PASSWORD=’123456’,MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin.000001’,MASTER_LOG_POS=430;

這里如果提示已經(jīng)設(shè)置了主機(jī)配置，可以通過(guò)stop slave&reset master進(jìn)行重置。

2）、啟動(dòng)同步

下面我們?cè)偻ㄟ^(guò)start slave開(kāi)啟同步：

​ 就可以看到：

mysql> show slave statusG*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 592 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 482Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 592 Relay_Log_Space: 685 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 0Last_IO_Error:Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 74397a99-accf-11eb-ae0d-000c2912d302 Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

這里我們可以看到Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running都為YES，則成功了，如果是下面這種：

*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 430 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000001Relay_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table:Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 430 Relay_Log_Space: 154 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher:Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 1045Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master ’slave@192.168.254.130:3306’ - retry-time: 60 retries: 1 Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 210505 00:18:08 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我們可以看到Last_IO_Error這里有錯(cuò)誤，我們就可以去看下日志報(bào)的什么問(wèn)題了，目前我這個(gè)是因?yàn)橥接脩魧?xiě)錯(cuò)了才不能同步，按上面說(shuō)的先停止同步重置，修改后同步命令，再操作一遍就可以了。

三、主從同步測(cè)試1、主機(jī)創(chuàng)建庫(kù)

我們先在主機(jī)創(chuàng)建我們前面設(shè)置的要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)mycat：

mysql> create database mycat;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use mycat;Database changedmysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mycat || mysql || performance_schema || sys|+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> 2、從機(jī)查看庫(kù)

然后我們就能在從機(jī)看到這個(gè)庫(kù)了

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mycat || mysql || performance_schema || sys|+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、表數(shù)據(jù)的初始

下面我們進(jìn)行表數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)試

1）、主機(jī)首先我們?cè)僦鳈C(jī)建立表并插入數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> use mycat;Database changedmysql> mysql> create table `test1`( -> id int auto_increment not null primary key, -> name varchar(10) default null -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(1,'petty');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty |+----+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

2）、從機(jī)下面我們?cè)趶臋C(jī)查看看有沒(méi)有成功同步：

mysql> use mycat;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> show tables;+-----------------+| Tables_in_mycat |+-----------------+| test1 |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty |+----+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

可以看到我們的主從配置已經(jīng)成功了。

四、多主多從

我們還可以多主多從，例如我們一個(gè)主從序列是編號(hào)1位主機(jī)、編號(hào)2為從機(jī)，然后編號(hào)3為主機(jī)、編號(hào)4為從機(jī)，同時(shí)編號(hào)1主機(jī)與編號(hào)3主機(jī)相互為主從，這樣就是其中主機(jī)一臺(tái)有問(wèn)題，整個(gè)mysql集群還是能正常工作。

​ 由于目前只有3臺(tái)機(jī)，只使用三臺(tái)來(lái)寫(xiě)demo(一臺(tái)windows，兩臺(tái)linux)。

1、編號(hào)1主機(jī)(192.168.254.30)

1）、修改配置我們首先需要修改其原來(lái)的etc/my.cnf文件，添加：

# 作為從機(jī)也修改其bin-log日志log-slave-updates#自增長(zhǎng)的幅度auto-increment-increment=2#自增長(zhǎng)的開(kāi)始位置auto-increment-offset=1

整個(gè)文件的信息

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/usr/local/mysql/databasedir=/usr/local/mysqlsocket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sockuser=mysql# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0server-id=1log-bin=mysql-binbinlog-ignore-db=mysqlbinlog-ignore-db=information_schemabinlog-do-db=mycatbinlog_format=STATEMENTlog-slave-updatesauto-increment-increment=2auto-increment-offset=1[mysqld_safe]log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.logpid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld.pid[root@localhost Desktop]#

修改這個(gè)文件后我們需要重啟機(jī)器

2、編號(hào)2從機(jī)（192.168.254.31）

這臺(tái)原來(lái)已經(jīng)配置其連接30機(jī)器了，所以這次不用修改

3、編號(hào)3主機(jī)(192.168.254.1)

1）、修改配置文件由于這臺(tái)機(jī)器是windows，所以我們需要修改其的my.ini文件，在其最后面添加

server-id=3log-bin=mysql-binbinlog-ignore-db=mysqlbinlog-ignore-db=information_schemabinlog-do-db=mycatbinlog_format=STATEMENTlog-slave-updatesauto-increment-increment=2auto-increment-offset=2

注意我們上面改了server-id，同時(shí)也改了其的增長(zhǎng)開(kāi)始點(diǎn)auto-increment-offset=2。同時(shí)再重啟服務(wù)。

2）、創(chuàng)建同步用戶首先我們可以在主機(jī)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)專門(mén)用于主從同步用戶，通過(guò)命令：

​

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ’SLAVE’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ’123456’;

3）、查看狀態(tài)

mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | mycat| mysql,information_schema | |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

4）、設(shè)置同步的狀態(tài)

下面我們運(yùn)行其連接的主機(jī)(30)信息

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=’192.168.254.130’,MASTER_USER=’SLAVE’,MASTER_PASSWORD=’123456’,MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin.000001’,MASTER_LOG_POS=430;

5）、編號(hào)1主機(jī)同步(192.168.254.30)我們需要設(shè)置其去同步編號(hào)3主機(jī)(192.168.254.1)，即我們前面查看的編號(hào)3的(master status)：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=’192.168.254.1’,MASTER_USER=’SLAVE’,MASTER_PASSWORD=’123456’,MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin.000001’,MASTER_LOG_POS=154;

然后我們?cè)诰幪?hào)1主機(jī)執(zhí)行同步start slave;，也在編號(hào)3主機(jī)執(zhí)行同步start slave;。

4、測(cè)試查看

1）、可能的問(wèn)題(可略過(guò))

現(xiàn)在我們測(cè)試，然后分別查看這兩臺(tái)的master狀態(tài)show master status;。

mysql> show slave statusG*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.1 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 320Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes........

mysql> show slave statusG*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000003Relay_Log_Pos: 675Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB:.........

可以看到它們的同步都是yes。這里可能有問(wèn)題，我們需要自己解決，例如我在編號(hào)1機(jī)器修改配置，然后在查看其的狀態(tài)，

mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+| mysql-bin.000002 | 462 | mycat| mysql,information_schema | |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

我如果以這個(gè)消息去讓編號(hào)3機(jī)器同步編號(hào)1，就會(huì)報(bào)(因?yàn)槲矣诌\(yùn)行了一條新的插入語(yǔ)句)，但建表語(yǔ)句是在日志mysql-bin.000001，而這里我因?yàn)橹貑⒘耍溆杏行碌膍ysql-bin.000002，所以有修改回了原來(lái)編號(hào)2的同步信息。

mysql> show slave statusG*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 320Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1146 Last_Error: Error ’Table ’mycat.test1’ doesn’t exist’ on query. Default database: ’mycat’. Query: ’insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(2,'TOm')’

2）、在編號(hào)3插入數(shù)據(jù)下面我們?cè)倬幪?hào)3插入數(shù)據(jù)，看編號(hào)1、2能不能看到

在編號(hào)3操作：

mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(3,'kitt');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty || 2 | TOm || 3 | kitt |+----+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

在編號(hào)1查看

mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty || 2 | TOm || 3 | kitt |+----+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

在編號(hào)2查看

mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty || 2 | TOm || 3 | kitt |+----+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

可以看到目前我們已經(jīng)同步成功了，在編號(hào)1中能查看到主機(jī)編號(hào)3的插入信息。

3）、編號(hào)1處理數(shù)據(jù)

下面我們?cè)诰幪?hào)1操作查看

編號(hào)1：

mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(4,'lisa');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty || 2 | TOm || 3 | kitt || 4 | lisa |+----+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

編號(hào)3：

mysql> select * from test1;+----+-------+| id | name |+----+-------+| 1 | petty || 2 | TOm || 3 | kitt || 4 | lisa |+----+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

可以看到其是相互同步的。

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