情景

我的項(xiàng)目中有六個(gè)用戶角色（學(xué)校管理員，學(xué)生等），需要進(jìn)行分別登陸。如果在一個(gè)realm中，對(duì)controller封裝好的Token進(jìn)行Service驗(yàn)證，需要在此realm中注入六個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫操作對(duì)象，然后寫一堆if語句來判斷應(yīng)該使用那個(gè)Service服務(wù)，然后再在驗(yàn)證方法（doGetAuthorizationInfo）中寫一堆if來進(jìn)行分別授權(quán)，這樣寫不僅會(huì)讓代碼可讀性會(huì)非常低而且很難后期維護(hù)修改（剛寫完的時(shí)候只有上帝和你能看懂你寫的是什么，一個(gè)月之后你寫的是什么就只有上帝能看懂了）。所以一定要配置多個(gè)realm來分別進(jìn)行認(rèn)證授權(quán)操作。shiro有對(duì)多個(gè)realm的處理，當(dāng)配置了多個(gè)Realm時(shí)，shiro會(huì)用自帶的org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator類的doAuthenticate方法來進(jìn)行realm判斷，源碼：

protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { assertRealmsConfigured(); Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms(); if (realms.size() == 1) { return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realms.iterator().next(), authenticationToken); } else { return doMultiRealmAuthentication(realms, authenticationToken); } }

assertRealmsConfigured();的作用是驗(yàn)證realm列表是否為空，如果一個(gè)realm也沒有則會(huì)拋出IllegalStateException異常（爆紅：Configuration error: No realms have been configured! One or more realms must be present to execute an authentication attempt.）當(dāng)realm只有一個(gè)時(shí)直接返回，當(dāng)realm有多個(gè)時(shí)返回所有的realm。而我們要做的就是寫多個(gè)realm后重寫ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法，使它能滿足我們的項(xiàng)目需求。那么改怎么重寫ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法，使它能滿足我們的項(xiàng)目需求呢？這就需要分析我們使用shiro的使用方法了。

shiro的使用

1.Controller層中，獲取當(dāng)前用戶后將用戶名和密碼封裝UsernamePasswordToken對(duì)象，然后調(diào)用Subject中的登陸方法subject.login(UsernamePasswordToken)

@RequestMapping('/user/login')@ResponseBody public String Login(String userName,String password){ //獲取當(dāng)前用戶 subject Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //封裝用戶的登陸數(shù)據(jù) UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userName, password); try{ subject.login(token);//執(zhí)行登陸方法 return '登陸成功'; }catch (UnknownAccountException e){//用戶名不存在 model.addAttribute('msg','用戶名不存在'); return '用戶名不存在'; }catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){//密碼錯(cuò)誤 model.addAttribute('msg','密碼錯(cuò)誤'); return '密碼錯(cuò)誤'; } }

(為了測試方便，我用了@ResponseBody返回字符串)2.完善自定義Realm類，繼承于AuthorizingRealm，主要實(shí)現(xiàn)doGetAuthorizationInfo和doGetAuthenticationInfo方法（需要實(shí)現(xiàn)認(rèn)證和授權(quán)方法，在這里方便測試主要是認(rèn)證）

public class StudentRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { @Resource private StudentsService studentsService; //授權(quán) @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { return null; } //認(rèn)證 @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println('Shiro=========Student認(rèn)證'); UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token; Students students = studentsService.queryByNum(userToken.getUsername()); //賬號(hào)不存在 if (students == null) { System.out.println('學(xué)生不存在'); //向上層提交UnknownAccountException異常，在controller層處理 throw new UnknownAccountException(); } //密碼認(rèn)證，shiro來做，可以自定義加密方式 return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo('', students.getPassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); }}

3.配置shiro，將realm配置進(jìn)shiro（很多教程是使用xml配置或者ini配置，在這里用java代碼配置，功能都是一樣的，看個(gè)人習(xí)慣了）

@Configurationpublic class ShiroConfig { @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier('securityManager') DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) { ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //設(shè)置安全管理器 bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager); return bean; } //DefaultWebSecurityManager 默認(rèn)web安全管理器 @Bean(name = 'securityManager') public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier('userRealm') UserRealm userRealm) { DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); //關(guān)聯(lián)realm securityManager.setRealm(userRealm); return securityManager; } //創(chuàng)建自定義 realm @Bean public UserRealm userRealm() { return new UserRealm(); }}

記得加@Configuration注解！！！！！！！

經(jīng)過以上三步，可以看出shiro的簡略工作流程（非常簡略）就是，在web 啟動(dòng)階段，讀取@Configuration注解將自定義的ream配置進(jìn)默認(rèn)web安全管理器（DefaultWebSecurityManager）然后將DefaultWebSecurityManager與ShiroFilterFactoryBean相關(guān)聯(lián)。當(dāng)用戶登陸時(shí)，從前端拿到username和password，封裝好Token后，進(jìn)入realm進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán)，而realm就來自于剛才的shiro的DefaultWebSecurityManager配置

多realm實(shí)現(xiàn)原理

根據(jù)上面的shiro簡略流程可知，shiro配置中寫入多個(gè)realm后，在controller提交token時(shí)，只要多攜帶一個(gè)參數(shù)，用來進(jìn)行org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator類的doAuthenticate（重寫后）的驗(yàn)證即可明確應(yīng)該用那個(gè)realm。那么，我們需要重寫org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken（令其攜帶身份參數(shù)用于選擇realm）和org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator（令其根據(jù)token中的身份參數(shù)來進(jìn)行選擇realm）即可。

多realm實(shí)現(xiàn)具體操作

1.寫多個(gè)自定義的realm

public class AdminRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { @Resource private AdminService adminService; private static final String USER_LOGIN_TYPE = UserType.AdminRealm; @Override public String getName() { return UserType.AdminRealm; } @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { return null; } @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { System.out.println('Shiro=========Admin認(rèn)證'); UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token; Admin admin = adminService.queryById(userToken.getUsername()); if(admin == null){ System.out.println('管理員不存在'); throw new UnknownAccountException(); } return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo('', admin.getAdminpassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); }}

2.創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)變量類（用于realm選擇）

public class UserType { //實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)校管理員 public static final String SchoolAdminRealm = 'schooladminrealm'; //學(xué)生 public static final String StudentRealm ='studentrealm'; //管理員 public static final String AdminRealm ='adminrealm_1'; //導(dǎo)員 public static final String InstructorRealm ='instructorrealm'; //實(shí)習(xí)帶隊(duì)老師 public static final String UniversityteacherRealm ='universityteacherrealm'; //實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師 public static final String SchoolTeacherRealm ='schoolteacherrealm';}

3.重寫UsernamePasswordToken,令其可以攜帶身份參數(shù)

@Componentpublic class UserModularRealmAuthenticator extends ModularRealmAuthenticator { @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) { // 判斷getRealms()是否返回為空,ModularRealmAuthenticator 自帶 assertRealmsConfigured(); // 強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換回自定義的UserToken UserToken token = (UserToken) authenticationToken; String loginType = token.getLoginType(); Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms(); for (Realm realm : realms) {System.out.println(realm.getName().toLowerCase()); if (realm.getName().toLowerCase().contains(loginType)){ //找到登錄類型對(duì)應(yīng)的指定Realmreturn doSingleRealmAuthentication(realm, token); } } //沒找到正確的realm的異常處理 String msg = 'Configuration error: Didn’t find the right realm'; throw new IllegalStateException(msg); }}

4.shiro的配置中寫入自定義的realm，還有其它配置

@Configurationpublic class ShiroConfig { @Bean public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier('securityManager') DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) { ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); //設(shè)置安全管理器 bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager); return bean; } //DefaultWebSecurityManager @Bean(name = 'securityManager') public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager( @Qualifier('schoolAdminRealm') SchoolAdminRealm schoolAdminRealm, @Qualifier('studentRealm') StudentRealm studentRealm, @Qualifier('adminRealm') AdminRealm adminRealm, @Qualifier('schoolTeacherRealm') SchoolTeacherRealm schoolTeacherRealm, @Qualifier('instructorRealm') InstructorRealm instructorRealm, @Qualifier('universityteacherRealm') UniversityteacherRealm universityteacherRealm, @Qualifier('userModularRealmAuthenticator') UserModularRealmAuthenticator userModularRealmAuthenticator ) { DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); securityManager.setAuthenticator(userModularRealmAuthenticator); /**關(guān)聯(lián)realm *securityManager.setRealm() 是配置單個(gè)realm，不可用它配置多個(gè)realm *securityManager.setRealms()配置多個(gè)realm， *List<Realm> realms可以直接被set進(jìn)去 */ List<Realm> realms = new ArrayList<Realm>(); realms.add(schoolAdminRealm); realms.add(studentRealm); realms.add(adminRealm); realms.add(schoolTeacherRealm); realms.add(instructorRealm); realms.add(universityteacherRealm); securityManager.setRealms(realms); System.out.println(securityManager.getRealms().toString()); return securityManager; } //實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)校管理員 @Bean(name = 'schoolAdminRealm') public SchoolAdminRealm SchoolAdminRealm() { return new SchoolAdminRealm(); } //學(xué)生 @Bean(name = 'studentRealm') public StudentRealm StudentRealm() { return new StudentRealm(); } //管理員 @Bean(name = 'adminRealm') public AdminRealm AdminRealm() { return new AdminRealm(); } //導(dǎo)員 @Bean(name = 'instructorRealm') public InstructorRealm InstructorRealm() { return new InstructorRealm(); } //實(shí)習(xí)帶隊(duì)老師 @Bean(name = 'universityteacherRealm') public UniversityteacherRealm UniversityteacherRealm() { return new UniversityteacherRealm(); } //實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師 @Bean(name = 'schoolTeacherRealm') public SchoolTeacherRealm SchoolTeacherRealm() { return new SchoolTeacherRealm(); }}

5.在controller中使用重寫后的UsernamePasswordToken(UserToken)即可

//管理員登陸 @RequestMapping(value = '/AdminLogin', produces = 'text/html;charset=UTF-8') @ResponseBody//為了測試方便，返回字符串 public String AdminLogin( @RequestParam(value = 'username') String username, @RequestParam(value = 'password') String password) { //獲取當(dāng)前用戶 subject Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); //封裝用戶的登陸數(shù)據(jù) UserToken token = new UserToken(username, Md5.getMd5(password), USER_LOGIN_TYPE); try { System.out.println('AdminLogin'); subject.login(token);//執(zhí)行登陸方法 return null; } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {//用戶名不存在 System.out.println('用戶名錯(cuò)誤'); return null; } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {//密碼錯(cuò)誤 System.out.println('密碼錯(cuò)誤'); return null; }

參考文章

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