SpringBoot Application注解原理及代碼詳解
1、SpringBoot 啟動(dòng)main()
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class TomcatdebugApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(TomcatdebugApplication.class, args); }}
1.1 @SpringBootApplication 注解,其實(shí)主要是@ComponentScan,@EnableAutoConfiguration,@SpringBootConfiguration三個(gè)注解
@ComponentScan 注解:
spring里有四大注解:@Service,@Repository,@Component,@Controller用來定義一個(gè)bean.@ComponentScan注解就是用來自動(dòng)掃描被這些注解標(biāo)識(shí)的類,最終生成ioc容器里的bean.
可以通過設(shè)置@ComponentScan basePackages,includeFilters,excludeFilters屬性來動(dòng)態(tài)確定自動(dòng)掃描范圍,類型已經(jīng)不掃描的類型.
默認(rèn)情況下:它掃描所有類型,并且掃描范圍是@ComponentScan注解所在配置類包及子包的類
@SpringBootConfiguration 注解:
@SpringBootConfiguration繼承自@Configuration,二者功能也一致,標(biāo)注當(dāng)前類是配置類,并會(huì)將當(dāng)前類內(nèi)聲明的一個(gè)或多個(gè)以@Bean注解標(biāo)記的方法的實(shí)例納入到spring容器中,并且實(shí)例名就是方法名。
demo 說明:
(1) 注入spring ioc bean
@SpringBootConfigurationpublic class Config { @Bean public Map createMap(){ Map map = new HashMap(); map.put('username','gxz'); map.put('age',27); return map; }}
(2)調(diào)用:
public static void main( String[] args ) { //方式1 獲取context ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(App.class, args); context.getBean(Runnable.class).run(); context.getBean('createMap'); //注意這里直接獲取到這個(gè)方法bean int age = (int) map.get('age'); System.out.println('age=='+age);//方式2. 使用@Autowired注解,應(yīng)用bean // @Autowired// Map createMap}
@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解
@EnableAutoConfiguration作用:從classpath中搜索所有的META-INF/spring.factories配置文件,然后將其中key為org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的value加載到spring容器中。
上圖分析源碼可知: @EnableAutoConfiguration = @Import + @AutoConfigurationPackage
@AutoConfigurationPackage:主要作用是自動(dòng)配置包
@Import: Spring底層注解@Import,給容器中導(dǎo)入一個(gè)組件;導(dǎo)入的組件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class將主配置類(@SpringBootApplication標(biāo)注的類)的所在包以及下面所有子包里面的所有組件掃描到Spring容器。
AutoConfigurationImportSelector的作用是導(dǎo)入哪些組件的選擇器。將所有需要導(dǎo)入的組件以全類名的方式返回,這些組件就會(huì)被添加到容器中;也會(huì)給容器導(dǎo)入非常多的自動(dòng)配置類(xxxAutoConfiguration),就是給容器中導(dǎo)入這個(gè)場景需要的所有組件,并配置好這些組件。
有了自動(dòng)配置類,免去了我們手動(dòng)編寫配置注入功能組件等的工作
具體工作流程圖:
@EnableAutoConfiguration加載過程
自動(dòng)配置主要由AutoConfigurationImportSelector實(shí)現(xiàn)的,我們主要從這個(gè)類開始講起。AutoConfigurationImportSelector是@EnableAutoConfiguration“@Import”的DeferredImportSelector實(shí)現(xiàn)類,由于DeferredImportSelector作為ImportSelector的子接口,所以組件自動(dòng)配置邏輯均在selectImports(AnnotationMetadata)方法中實(shí)現(xiàn)
源碼分析:
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.java
根據(jù)以上代碼分析自動(dòng)配置加載過程主要分為以下幾個(gè)步驟:
1.判斷是否開啟自動(dòng)配置
2.從META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件中載入屬性配置
3.獲取所有的配置列表
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { //1.是否開啟自動(dòng)配置,默認(rèn)開啟 if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } else { try { //2.從META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件中載入屬性配置(有一些有默認(rèn)值),獲取注解信息 AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);//3.獲取所有的配置列表 AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata); List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations); configurations = this.sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return (String[])configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]); } catch (IOException var6) { throw new IllegalStateException(var6); } }}
1.是否開啟自動(dòng)配置,默認(rèn)開啟
protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { return true; }
2.從META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件中載入屬性配置
protected static final String PATH = 'META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties'; private AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader() { } public static AutoConfigurationMetadata loadMetadata(ClassLoader classLoader) { return loadMetadata(classLoader, 'META-INF/spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties'); } static AutoConfigurationMetadata loadMetadata(ClassLoader classLoader, String path) { try { Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(path) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(path); Properties properties = new Properties(); while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {properties.putAll(PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource((URL)urls.nextElement()))); } return loadMetadata(properties); } catch (IOException var4) { throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unable to load @ConditionalOnClass location [' + path + ']', var4); } }
3、獲取所有的配置列表
protected AnnotationAttributes getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { String name = this.getAnnotationClass().getName(); AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(name, true)); Assert.notNull(attributes, 'No auto-configuration attributes found. Is ' + metadata.getClassName() + ' annotated with ' + ClassUtils.getShortName(name) + '?'); return attributes; }
總結(jié):
springboot底層實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)配置的步驟:
1.springboot應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)
2.@SpringBootApplication起作用
3.@EnableAutoConfiguration
4.@AutoConfigurationPackage:這個(gè)組合注解主要是@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class),它通過將Registrar類導(dǎo)入到容器中,而Registrar類作用是掃描主配置類同級(jí)目錄以及子包,并將相應(yīng)的組件導(dǎo)入到springboot創(chuàng)建管理的容器中
5.@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):它通過將AutoConfigurationImportSelector類導(dǎo)入到容器中,AutoConfigurationImportSelector類作用是通過selectImports方法實(shí)現(xiàn)將配置類信息交給SpringFactory加載器進(jìn)行一系列的容器創(chuàng)建過程,具體實(shí)現(xiàn)可查看上面的源碼
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網(wǎng)。
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